Visual Analysis Pill Dispenser

ABSTRACT

This disclosure provides a visual analytical method of verifying dispensed pills. In a preferred embodiment, a camera captures one or more parameters of each pill as it travels along a dispense path. The camera stores the parameters, and a processor displays the parameters or evaluates whether the parameters are within a threshold limit for the dispensed pill. If the parameter is outside the threshold, the pill or the receptacle is separated and/or removed. If all the parameters are within the threshold, the pill is stored in a receptacle, and the images are processed and archived for future verification. The process is repeated for each pill in the dispenser. The system captures at least one verification image for every pill dispensed into the receptacle.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. Provisional Application No.62/711,960, filed Jul. 30, 2018, which is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure generally relates to the field of pilldispensers. The present disclosure relates specifically to a system andmethod of verifying dispensed pills.

Pharmacists are responsible for ensuring that the pills dispensed to apatient are the pills prescribed by the physician. When pills areautomatically dispensed into a container, the container is laterreviewed by a Pharmacist, but only a small sample of the contents isvisible which often results in a random sample of dispensed pills beingcompared to the features of the prescribed pill as the Pharmacist is notable to review each dispensed pill.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One embodiment of the disclosure relates to a visual analysis validationsystem. The visual analysis system includes a dispense path, a camera, aprocessor, a receptacle and a display. The dispense path dispensesmedical products with visible parameters characteristic of the medicalproduct. The dispense path moves the medical products toward thereceptacle. The camera is supported about the dispense path and recordssignals representative of the medical product parameters. The processorreceives the recorded signals from the camera and generates and storesthe recorded signal indicative of the medical product parameters. Theprocessor stores the recorded signal associated with the parameter ofthe medical product. The receptacle receives the dispensed medicalproducts associated with the recorded signals indicative of parameters.The display provides a visual representation of the recorded signal thatis indicative of the parameters for each dispensed medical product. Thedisplay also indicates the number of medical products dispensed into thereceptacle.

Another embodiment of the disclosure relates to a pill dispenser. Thepill dispenser includes a dispenser, a camera, a receptacle, aprocessor, and a display. The dispenser couples to a hopper that storespills. The dispenser includes a dispense path though which pills movefrom the hopper to the receptacle. The camera is supported about thedispense path and provides a light path from the dispensed pills to thecamera. The camera generates indicia signals that are representative ofthe pill parameters of each dispensed pill. The receptacle collects thedispensed pills with the associated recorded pill parameters. Theprocessor receives the indicia signals from the camera and compares theindicia signals of the pill parameter to a threshold for the dispensedpill. The processor stores the pill parameter threshold data associatedwith the receptacle. The processor generates diversion signals for thereceptacle when the indicia signals in the receptacle represent pillparameters outside the threshold. The display represents the diversionsignal from the processor and generates an image indicative of the pillparameters outside the threshold and dispensed into the receptacle.

Another embodiment of the disclosure relates to a pill dispenser. Thepill dispenser includes a hopper, a dispenser, a pill separator, acamera, a processor, and a receptacle. The hopper stores pills to bedispensed into the receptacle. Each pill has visible indicia of at leastone characteristic pill parameter of the pill. The dispenser includes adispense path though which pills move from the hopper towards thereceptacle. The pill separator is coupled to the dispense path anddiverts pills from the dispense path in response to a diversion signal.The camera is supported about the dispense path and provides a visionpath from pills to the camera. The camera generates indicia signals thatare representative of the visible indicia of the pill and/or pillparameters. The processor coupled to the pill separator and the camerathat receives indicia signals from the camera, generates and stores pillcharacteristic data in association with a time of the associated indiciasignals, and applies diversion signals to the pill separator such thatthe pill separator diverts pills from the dispense path in response tothe diversion signals. The processor generates diversion signals whenthe indicia signals represent a characteristic outside a predeterminedtolerance of the distributed pill, which requires diversion of the pillfrom the dispense path. The receptacle collects each pill with recordedpill parameters that are within the tolerance.

Alternative exemplary embodiments relate to other features andcombinations of features as may generally be recited in the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

This application will become more fully understood from the followingdetailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanyingfigures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a pill dispensary system that records characteristicparameters of dispensed pills in real-time, according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 2 is the pill dispensary system of FIG. 1 with a separator, thesystem records dispensed pills and separates them into a separator or areceptacle in real-time based on diversion indicia signals, according toan exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a detailed view of a pill illustrating various pill parameterssuch as size, markings, shape, and dose selected by the system and usedto verify the dispensed pills.

FIG. 4 is a broken pill with otherwise the same pill parameters as thepill in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a different pill compared to FIG. 3 and illustrates differentpill parameters, which are out of the thresholds for the pill parametersof FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a visual inspection system within the system of FIG. 1,according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a schematic of a method of separating and verifying the pills.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The figures generally illustrate various embodiments of a pilldispenser. Pill dispensers generally involve separating pills from ahopper that stores a large capacity of pills into a plurality ofreceptacles that each hold a relatively smaller number of pills. Oncethe separation has taken place, a verification process begins. A human(e.g., a pharmacist) must verify that the dispensed pills in thereceptacle match the dispensed pills in the hopper and that theprescribed dose and quantity are accurate. In practice, a National DrugCode (NDC) identifies the manufacturer of the pill and the dose. In oneembodiment, the pill dispenser system uses the unique NDC number toidentify pill parameters (e.g., a batch of pills stored in the hopper).For example, the unique NDC identification for a batch of pillsidentifies pill parameters such as the size, shape, color, dose, and/orother marks (e.g., characteristics of the pill). A database stores thecorrelations between the pill parameters and the unique NDC identifierto retrieve them for future use and identify the distributed pills. Forexample, two manufacturers can create the same pill with the samemedication and dose, but with different pill parameters. The unique NDCidentifier provides a different unique code for each pill manufacturerand each pill. Thus, the database correlates the pertinent pillparameters for a pill with the unique NDC identifier for classificationof the pill. In this way, the NDC identify can identify the pill andtolerance values for the pill parameters of the pill in the database.

Using the pill parameters, a pill dispenser system distributes pillsfrom the hopper to the receptacle with selected parameters. Thecharacteristic parameters have a tolerance or threshold to distinguishfrom pills that do not have the required parameters. For example, a pilldispensary system uses a threshold (e.g., a tolerance) for each pillparameter to identify and/or separate dispensed pills within thethreshold from dispensed pills outside the thresholdThe system of thepresent disclosure allows for visual inspection of pills in a dispenserto record and archive each pill dispensed into a receptacle. Thisprocess visually records one or more images of pertinent pill parametersfor verification and audit purposes. In some embodiments, the systemautomatically removes or isolates a pill if a single pill parameter isoutside the threshold.

In some embodiments, the system assigns a batch number to the pills inthe receptacle corresponding to an image for each dispensed pill in thereceptacle. Once dispensed, the system records and stores theverification images for the contents of the receptacle (e.g., pills)associated with the receptacle and renders images that are accessiblefor review at a later time. In some embodiments, the visual recordprovides a flag for parameters at or near the threshold, and laterreview of the visual record provides verification. This process ensuresmore accurate dispensing of pills and enables documented evidence of thecontent for each receptacle. Another benefit of the system is theability to separate the verification process. For example, the systempermits the pharmacist to relocate to a remote site and verify the pillsdispensed into the receptacle. This feature enhances the pharmacist'sability to verify each pill and enables pharmacists to verify pills atvarious remote locations. For example, a pharmacist works from home toverify the pills deposited into each receptacle.

FIG. 1 illustrates a medical product visualization system or pilldispenser system 100 that enables verification of the quality andquantity of dispensed pills 102. Pill 102, as used in this disclosure,is construed broadly to include any medical product subject to visualverification controls. For example, any medical product subject tovisual or electromagnetic inspection of the quantity and quality of theproduct is termed a “pill” for purposes of this disclosure. Each pill102 includes characteristic pill parameters 104 (e.g., visible indicia)that identify the pill 102. System 100 identifies the pill parameters104 on a dispense path or channel 106 that is configured to orientand/or move pills 102. System 100 includes a hopper 108 to store pills102 and a dispenser 110 with channel 106 that orients pills 102. Forexample, channel 106 includes any dispense path for transporting pills102 from hopper 108 to a receptacle 112. For example, dispense path orchannel 106 may include dropping pills 102 from hopper 108 directly inreceptacle 112. Channel 106 may include a vibratory dispense path, atrack, a slide or inclined plane, a lever, or a free fall thattransports pills 102 from hopper 108 to receptacle 112.

A processor 114 stores, analyses, and/or sends signals indicative of thepill parameters 104 of each pill 102. To capture this data, a camera 116is supported near channel 106 to capture and/or record data signals(e.g., images 118) representative of pill parameters 104. Camera 108generates indicia signals or images 118 representative of thecharacteristic pill parameters 104, which assist a human or automatedsystem to determine whether each pill 102 meets the threshold criteria.As used herein, image 118 is interpreted broadly and includes data,visual indicia, indicia signals, and/or a photographic or video image118 (e.g., a single photographic “frame” of a video image). The image118 is generated by camera 116 and processed and/or stored by processor114.

FIG. 1 illustrates a pill dispenser system 100 that assists a pharmacistor machine to quickly identify receptacles 112 with at least one pill102 that is outside a threshold. In contrast to FIG. 2, FIG. 1 does notinclude a separator 220. Instead of automating the separation process,the system 100 uses camera 116 to send signals or images indicative ofpill parameters 104 for each pill 102 dispensed in a receptacle 112. Insome embodiments, an operator (e.g., pharmacist) views the pillparameters 104 on a display 118 to validate or verify receptacle 112contents.

As will be discussed in greater detail below, processor 114 can storethe pill parameters 104 for visual review by a human (e.g., apharmacist), or use post-processing to automatically identifyreceptacles 112 with a distributed pill 102 that has pill parameters 104outside the threshold. In this embodiment, if processor 114 determinesthat the pill parameters 104 exceed the threshold, processor 114 sends aseparation or diversion signal for the receptacle 112 associated withthe pill 102. Later, a human, such as a pharmacist, sorts through pills102 in receptacle 112 to find pill(s) 102 that do not conform or exceedthe threshold limit. Thus, separation of non-conforming pills 102 thatexceed the threshold may be automated or manual.

In an automated process that removes pills 102 with pill parameters 104outside the threshold, an operator or pharmacist may still review theseparated pills 102 contained in a separate container and/or pills 102dispensed into receptacle 112 to verify, dispose, and/or recycle theseparated pills 102. Alternatively, physical analysis may determine thatpills 102 were incorrectly separated and return pills 102 to hopper 108for future use. In some embodiments, separator 220 removes pill 102 fromdispenser 110 for additional analysis (e.g., by a separate camera 116with advanced photo-rendering) and returns pill 102 to dispenser 110 orreceptacle 112 when it more accurately determines pill parameters 104relative to the threshold.

As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2, if pill parameters 104 for pill102 are outside threshold values or tolerance criteria, a pill separator220 (“separator 220”) that is coupled to channel 106 removes or divertspill 102 from reaching dispenser 210 in response to a diversion signal(e.g., from processor 214). For example, when a pill parameter 104 isoutside a threshold or tolerance, separator 220 diverts pill 102 fromdispense path 206 and consequently away from receptacle 212. In thisconfiguration, processor 214 performs and automates the threshold pillparameter 104 analysis to determine whether to remove (e.g., withseparator 220) or dispense the pill 102 from dispense path 206 intoreceptacle 212. In some embodiments, dispensed pills 102 in receptacle212 are sold directly to a patient.

As shown in FIG. 1, system 100 further includes a display 122 to reviewimages 118 (e.g., data signals and/or visual indicia) of pills 102 inchannel 106 and captured by camera 116. System 100 stores images 118 inmemory 124 (e.g., for future retrieval). Pill dispenser system 100enables verification of dispensed pills 102 in real time and/or throughpost-processing. In addition, system 100 enables time-delay of thevisual analysis. For example, if pills 102 are dispensed faster than thepharmacist's ability to visually inspect each pill 102, system 100enables the pharmacist to inspect all the dispensed pills 102 at apredetermined or at-will rate.

In some embodiments, system 100 includes hopper 108 that stores a batchor load of pills 102 in bulk. Each pill 102 includes at least onecharacteristic pill parameter 104. In other embodiments, system 100 isconfigured to work with a preexisting hopper 108. The operatoridentifies pills 102 in hopper 108 according to an identification numberassigned by the National Drug Code (NDC). For example, the NDCcorrelates pill parameters 104 with a threshold for a standard size,profile, shape, color, dose, markers, and/or other identifying pillparameters 104 for the particular pill 102. System 100 separates pills102 in hopper 108 into one or more receptacles 112. For example, hopper108 contains a batch of 10,000 pills 102 for distribution to threehundred thirty-three (333) receptacles 112 (e.g., 30 pills in eachreceptacle 112). In some embodiments, hopper 108 dispenses pills 102 ata fixed rate. For example, hopper 108 dispenses 5 pills 102 per second.In various embodiments, hopper 108 dispenses more than 10 pills persecond, 15 pills per second, 20 pills per second, 25 pills per second,30 pills per second or more.

In some embodiments, hopper 108 correlates an NDC to a batch code (e.g.,a unique batch code that identifies the batch of pills dispensed withthe NDC for pill 102). For example, the batch code includes the NDCnumber appended by a load number for hopper 108 and a group number forreceptacle 112. Each hopper 108 includes an NDC number and load number,such that the first load is assigned a different number than the secondload. In some embodiments, the system 100 assigns sequential loadnumbers, such that the first load is assigned a load number of one(0001), the second a load number of two (0002), etc. For example, thefirst receptacle 112 receives a group number of one (0001) for the firstgroup dispensed, the second receptacle 112 batch receives a group numberof two (0002), and so forth. In this way, the first unique batch number(0001) assigned to the first receptacle 112 is different from the secondunique batch number (0002) assigned to the second receptacle 112. Insome embodiments, the batch number combines the load number and groupnumber to uniquely identify pills 102 dispensed from hopper 108 and thespecific group of pills 102 distributed to receptacle 112. In someembodiments, system 100 assigns a unique load number and/or group numberto hopper 108 and/or receptacle 112, respectively. For example, hopper108 has an identifying load number and receptacle 112 has an identifyinggroup number. In some embodiments, system 100 appends these numbers tothe NDC identifier (e.g., on receptacle 112) and/or assigns uniquenumbers to each batch and load, which identify the NDC identifier. Byassigning unique (either sequential or random) batch codes that identifythe load (e.g., the hopper 108 load) and group (e.g., the receptaclegroup) of pills 102, the system 100 stores and retrieves images 118 ofeach pill 102 associated with receptacle 112 of each group assigned tothat batch code.

A dispenser 110 couples to hopper 108 and orients pills 102 to show pillparameters 104 and dispenses pills 102 within a threshold intoreceptacle 112. Channel 106 of dispenser 110 moves pills 102 from hopper108 toward receptacle 118. Dispenser 110 operates to orient pills 102 sothat the verification system 100 (e.g., camera 116) can identify one ormore pill parameters 104 on each dispensed pill 102.

In some embodiments, dispenser 110 transports pills 102 in a fixeddirection at a fixed rate. For example, dispenser 110 transports 10,000containers (e.g., of thirty pills each or 300,000 pills/8 hours). Inthis fixed rate system, dispenser 110 transports approximately 10.4pills/second. Alternatively, dispenser 110 may transport pills 102 indifferent directions and/or at different rates through system 100. Insome embodiments, dispenser 110 fills at least 500 containers of thirtypills each in an 8 hour day (e.g., 15,000 pills/8 hrs or 0.52pills/sec). For example, dispenser 110 transports pills 102 with knownpill parameters 104 along system 100 at a fixed rate in at least onesection of system 100. By similarly orienting each pill 102 on channel106, identifying pill parameters 104 consistently remain visible and arecaptured by camera 116.

In some embodiments, camera 114 utilizes photo-rendering techniques toenhance images 118 of pill parameters 104. For example, dispenser 110alters the lighting, speed, and/or temperature at or near dispense path104 and/or camera 116 so that images 118 of pills 102 better identifypill parameters 104. Dispenser 110 may orient pills 102 in a variety ofdifferent configurations. For example, dispenser 110 orients pills 102in the channel 106 by placing pills 102 in an equally spaced butarbitrary orientation relative to a top, bottom, and/or side of pill102. In another example, dispenser 110 orients pills 102 in channel 106so that pill parameters 104 (including marks on pills 102, e.g., thedose, such as 100 mg) remain visible to camera 116. Dispenser 110operates to orient pills 102 in a known configuration along channel 106that transports pills 102 through system 100 at a known and/orpredetermined rate.

In some embodiments, dispenser 110 includes a vibratory tray ordispenser path along channel 106 to orients pills 102 so that each pill102 has a consistent orientation and/or configuration. In someembodiments, the speed of channel 106 determines the rate pills 102 passcamera 116 and dispenser 110 evenly spaces each pill 102 along channel106. In some embodiments, a robot places pills 102 along channel 106 ina consistent orientation and distance. Other embodiments includedropping pills 102 into a tray configured to receive and orient pill 102or driving a belt with pockets to orient pills 102 in dispenser 110. Forexample, the tray orients and receives a single pill 102 in each pocketof the belt. In some embodiments, pills 102 fall through an open chuteinto dispenser 110. In this configuration, dispenser 110 includes anopen chute for camera 116 to capture pill parameters 104 for pills 102as they fall through the air, e.g., a light or laser is directed atfalling pills 102. The laser visually counts pills 102 and/or capturespill parameters 104 in photo/video images 118 as pills 102 fall throughthe open chute. Other visual records may be obtained to indicate thequantity and quality of pills 102.

In some embodiments, dispenser 110 accounts for each pill 102. Forexample, dispenser 110 counts each pill delivered to receptacle 112. Inthe embodiment of FIG. 2, dispenser 210 counts pills 102 that areremoved from system 200 by separator 220. For example, dispenser 210counts pills 102 delivered to receptacle 212 including the total numberof pills 102 dispensed less any pills 102 removed by separator 220. Insome embodiments, a calculation based on the rate and spacing oforiented pills 102 is used to determine the quantity of dispensed pills102. For example, dispenser 210 spaces pills 102 to determine the numberof pills 102 delivered to receptacle 212 per second and reduces thecalculated value by the number of pills 102 removed by separator 220. Insome embodiments, a counter is coupled to dispenser 210 and/or separator220 to count pills 102 dispensed in receptacle 212 and/or removed fromdispense path 206 by separator 220. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, images118 and 218 of dispensed and/or removed pills 102 are stored in systems100 and 200 to enable an operator to later identify pills 102. Forexample, an operator (e.g., pharmacist) identifies misplaced pills 102in the batch of pills 102. For convenience only, the followingdescription will refer to system 100 of FIG. 1, except where a separator220 is used. It should be understood the following description appliesequally to either system 100 of FIG. 1 or system 200 of FIG. 2.

Camera 116 is located about dispenser 110 and records pill parameters104 as pills 102 traverse through dispenser 110 in a predeterminedorientation and rate. Camera 116 is located about dispenser 110 suchthat camera 110 is located to a side, above, under, at an angle, and/oranother orientation relative to dispenser 110. In various embodiments,system 100 utilizes a single camera 116 or a plurality of cameras 116along and/or about channel 106. Camera 116 captures images 118 (e.g.,visual data, characteristics, or indicia). The data captured isgenerally in the form of photographic images 118 (e.g., a singlephotographic image 118 or a frame from a plurality of photographs on avideo image), but also includes other processed data modified and/orpost-processed into an image 118 that is generated on display 122. Forexample, an infrared sensor generates visual images 118 on display 122that are based on data signals of electromagnetic wavelengths outsidethe visible light spectrum (e.g., CMOS, CCD, NIR). Camera 116 maycapture video at a fixed rate per second, e.g., 30 frames per second(FPS). Camera 116 may capture a single photograph, or a plurality ofphotographs, at a predetermined specified time. Camera 116 may captureimages 118 based on an event, such as pill 102 traveling into a specificlocation, or on timing based on spacing and/or orientation of pills 102.Camera 116 captures any electromagnetic signal and/or other data todisplay as an image 118.

In some embodiments, camera 116 captures a video image 118 of each pill102 in channel 106 to isolate pill parameters 104 of each pill 102 asdispensed pills 102 travel. Camera 116 and/or processor 114 usealgorithms to determine which frame in video image 118 best capturesidentifying pill parameters 104 of pill 102. For example, system 100checks every pill 102 with 30 pictures stitched together in one second(e.g., a 30 FPS video system with a feed rate of 1 pill/second). In someembodiments, system 100 uses a 120 FPS camera and stitches the framesfor each pill 102. Frame rates include any range between 20 and 240 FPS,specifically between 30 FPS and 120 FPS. In some embodiments, system 100uses the known orientation of pills 102 traveling at a predeterminedrate through the system 100 to capture images 118 of pill parameters 104at a known time and/or place. For example, camera 116 takes aphotographic image 118 (or a series of images 118) of each pill 102.Camera 116 and/or display 122 render the images 118 (photo/video/data)in real time and/or store images 118 for future verification.

For purposes of this disclosure, camera 116 includes any sensor ordevice that captures a data signal (e.g., an image 118). Examples ofcamera 116 include a camcorder, an analog camera, a digital camera, acopier, a scanner, a multi-functional peripheral device, light sensors,and/or other cameras. In addition, camera 116 is not limited to visiblelight. In some embodiments, camera 116 detects electromagnetic signalsof different wavelengths outside the visible spectrum. For example,detected wavelengths include, microwave, infrared, the spectrum ofvisible light, ultraviolet light, x-rays, gamma rays, and/or otherwavelengths and spectrums. In some embodiments, camera 116 detectswavelengths of audio and/or radio waves.

In the embodiment of FIG. 2, separator 220 operates to remove pills 102from system 200. Separator 220 removes pills 102 from dispense path 206of dispenser 210 with pill parameters 104 outside of a threshold range.Separator 220 permits pills 102 with pill parameters 104 within thepredetermined threshold to pass into receptacle 212. Separator 220automates pill 102 removal from channel 106 prior to distribution of thepill 102 to receptacle 212. For example, separator 220 removes pill 102from dispenser 210 when camera 216 captures image(s) 118 with pillparamters 104 of pill 102 that are evaluated by processor 214 anddetermined to exceed threshold limits. Processor 214 then signalsseparator 220 to remove pill 102 from dispense path 206 of dispenser210. In some embodiments, pill parameters 104 are assigned a numericvalue that classifies the tolerance for pill parameters 104 of each pill102 in channel 106 of dispenser 210. For example, separator 220classifies removed pills 102 based on a numeric value of pill parameters104 outside the threshold.

Returning to FIG. 1, processor 114 is coupled to hopper 108, dispenser110 (e.g., including channel 106), camera 116, separator 220, and/ordisplay 122. Processor 114 receives and processes indicia signals and/orimages 118 from camera 116 and generates and stores pill parameters 104associated with one or more pills 102 dispensed at a time of theassociated images 118. Processor 114 can return the images 118 todisplay 122 for human review, use algorithms, artificial intelligence,and/or deep learning to send diversion signals that indicate pills 102outside a threshold value that are dispensed in receptacle 112.Processor 114 stores the recorded signals or images 118 associated withpill parameters 104 of each pill 102 in electronic memory 124 eitherinternally and/or externally. And, in some embodiments, processor 114sends diversion signals to separator 220 to automate removal when a pillparameter 104 is outside the threshold. In this configuration, separator220 diverts pill 102 from channel 106.

Processor 114 captures, analyses, and/or verifies pill parameters 104 ofeach dispensed pill 102. For example, if a single pill parameter 104does not meet the threshold, processor 114 generates a signal to display122 and/or separator 220 to remove pill 102. In some embodiments,averaged threshold values determine whether pill parameters 104 meet thetolerance value. For example, pills 102 dispensed in receptacle 112 withsome pill parameters 104 outside the threshold limit, but with a scaled(e.g., an average) numeric value of pill parameters 104 that is insidethe threshold, may not generate a diversion signal. Thus, provided theaverage of some or all pill parameters 104 is within the threshold, pill102 is not separated from channel 106. For example, an operatordetermines and sets the threshold limits for each pill parameter 104 ora set of pill parameters 104 that are analyzed collectively. System 100discards removed and quarantined pills 102, and/or a human (e.g.,pharmacist) manually evaluates the pill parameters 104 of the removedpills 102. For example, separator 220 removes and quarantines a brokenpill 102 for later human evaluation. The human later discards the brokenpill 102.

In another example, processor 114 identifies which receptacles 112 havepills 102 outside of a threshold, and a pharmacist or other operatormanually evaluates display 122 of pills 102 in receptacle 112 andremoves pills 102 outside the threshold or discards the confederatereceptacle 112. In some embodiments, system 100 automatically determinesand identifies receptacles 112 with pills 102 outside the threshold. Inother embodiments, system 200 automatically disposes of broken and/orquarantined pills 102 that exceed the threshold. In other embodiments,separator 220 removes the broken pills 102 for human review and/oradditional testing. Separator 220 tracks removed pills 102 so that theycorrelate to the verification images 118 taken by camera 116. In thisway, systems 100 and 200 can store and retrieve verification images 118corresponding to pills 102 outside the threshold) in receptacle 112.

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, each batch of pills 102 (e.g.,identified by a unique NDC number) has different thresholds fordifferent pill parameters 104. For example, an NDC number identifies abatch of pills 102 with a unique drug profile (e.g., predetermined pill102 parameters and/or thresholds). The drug profile identifies a size,profile, the wavelength of reflected electromagnetic wavelengths (e.g.,color), shape, dose, and/or other marks on the target batch of dispensedpills 102. The drug profile includes acceptable pill parameters 104 andthresholds, such that the threshold is stored and predetermined in thedrug profile of pills 102 before system 100 operation. For example, pill102 with a first NDC number has a ±5% threshold for size and a ±10%threshold for color on the RGB scale (Red, Green, Blue). A pill 102 witha second NDC number has a ±15% threshold for size and a ±7.5% thresholdfor color on the same RGB scale. In addition, pills 102 can usedifferent photo-rendering techniques.

In some embodiments, LED lights provide a first pill 102 with a redappearance under LED light even though the first pill 102 appears whitein natural light. Similarly, a second pill 102 appears blue underphoto-rendering LED light even though under natural light the secondpill 102 is green. Such LED photo-rendering enhances pill parameters 104and makes the pill parameters 104 easier to identify. For example,photo-rendering enhances pill parameters 104 of a broken pill 102 makingit easier to identify for removal. In some embodiments, photo-renderingemphasizes markers and/or doses marked on pills 102. The marker and/ordose appears black on a white pill 102 even though the colors naturallyare the same under natural light. In this embodiment, LEDphoto-rendering enhances system's 100 ability to process image 118and/or enhances future human visual inspection of image 118.

A combination of thresholds for RGB light defines whether a pill 102 iswithin the threshold or out of the threshold reflected color. Forexample, separator 220 assigns a threshold to the reflected light in anRGB scale for a particular batch of pills 102 (e.g., with a specific NDCnumber). A single threshold can apply to a composite of all the colors(e.g., Red, Green, and Blue). Alternatively, several thresholds mayapply individually and differently to each reflected electromagneticwavelength. In other words, the threshold may apply to a composite colorwith a combination of Red, Green, and Blue, and/or individually to eachreflected color (e.g., Red, Green, or Blue). For example, processor 114assigns separator 220 a ±10% threshold to the composite RGB value for afirst pill 102. Processor 114 assigns separator 220 a ±10% threshold tothe reflected red value, a ±5% threshold to the reflected blue value,and a ±7.5% threshold to the reflected green value. In some embodiments,the RGB values use LED photo-rendering to generate a tighter thresholdfor particular threshold values. System 100 can use alternativewavelengths of light. For example, infra-red light or ultraviolet lightare used to enhance the pill parameters 104 and threshold limits for aparticular pill 102. Processing and quarantining each batch of pills 102depends on the particular properties of system 100 and pill 102. Assuch, the thresholds for one batch of pills 102 differ from anotherbatch of pills 102 in the same environment. Alternatively, the thresholdfor a first pill 102 can utilize a different environment relative to thephoto-rendering for a second pill 102 and each pill may have differentthresholds within their respective environments.

System 100 stores and assigns threshold values for the size, shape,color, reflected electromagnetic waves, dose, markers, profile, and/orother pill 102 pill parameters 104 according to an assigned NDC number.In some embodiments, the operator assigns each parameter a threshold fora batch of pills 102 based on the NDC number. In some embodiments, theoperator assigns threshold values for a batch of pills 102 based onvisible pill parameters 104 of pill 102. In other embodiments, the pilldispensing system 100 stores and/or records pill parameters 104 withtheir accompanying threshold limits for the associated NDC number. Forexample, an operator enters the NDC number for a batch of pills 102loaded into hopper 108 and system 100 automatically generates the pillparameters 104 and thresholds for each pill parameter based onpre-programmed information or past use.

In general, the threshold for each pill parameter 104 variesindependently of other pill parameters 104. System 100 assigns each pillparameter 104 independent threshold limits. The thresholds can rangefrom 1% to 50% for each pill parameter 104. For example, the thresholdrange is from zero to ±1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%,20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50% of the target pill parameter 104value. For example, processor 114 can assign a threshold value for thesize of pill 102 that is ±5% of the target size for the pill 102 and athreshold value for the color that is ±10% the target RGB color for pill102. Alternatively, processor 114 can assign pill 102 a +6% and −2%threshold for the target size, color, or other parameter. In otherwords, thresholds may have asymmetric ranges about a target threshold.

System 100 includes one or more processors or processors 114 thatdetermine pill parameters 104 of a pill 102 based on images 118 as thepill 102 is dispensed into receptacle 112. Processor 114 processes thegenerated images 118 for each pill 102. The post-processed images 118indicate pill parameters 104 of the dispensed pill 102 and the quantityof dispensed pills 102 into receptacle 112. Processor 114 counts pills102 dispensed into receptacle 112 and archives image 118 verificationassociated with each pill 102. In various embodiments, processor 114compares a dose and/or characteristic data of the recorded signals foreach pill parameter 104 of the target pills 102 at a rate of at least2.5 pills 102 per second, specifically at least 5 pills 102 per second,specifically at least 10 pills 102 per second, specifically at least 20pills per second, and more specifically at least 30 pills per second.Processor 114 can archive image 118 for verification of each pill 102quarantined by separator 220. Processor 114 may use an algorithm,artificial intelligence, and/or machine learning to recognize pills 102distributed to receptacle 112 and/or those removed by separator 220. Forexample, processor 114 counts the quantity of pills 102 dispensed intoreceptacle 112 and automatically verifies each threshold pill parameter104 for each pill 102 in receptacle 112. Processor 114 follows a similarprocess for removed or separated pills 102. Processor 114 renders thisinformation (e.g., as image 118) on display 122 in real time and/orstores the information in memory 124 for future retrieval.

In some embodiments, processor 114 generates one image 118 for each pill102 dispensed. The system 100, 200, and/or a pharmacist can then reviewthe thresholds and pill parameters 104 for each pill 102 dispensed intoreceptacle 112. In some embodiments, processor 114 generates a pluralityof images 118 for each pill 102 dispensed. In this configuration,processor 114 selects the best image 118 (e.g., a representative image118) from the plurality of images 118 associated with each pill 102.Processor 114 stores image 118 for retrieval to enable a pharmacist toreview each image 118. In some embodiments, processor 114 takes aplurality of images 118 each associated with a single pill 102 andspecifically renders image 118 for the particular pill parameters 104.For example, system 100 renders one image 118 of pill parameters 104 ininfrared light, another in blue light, and a third in ultraviolet lightto highlight the pill parameters 104 of each pill 102. For eachdispensed pill 102, processor 114 collects and stores severalverification images 118. For example, a cover image 118 presents thepharmacist with a general overview of pill parameters 104 and whenselected, processor 114 displays the plurality of photographic images118, e.g., when the pharmacist double-clicks the cover image 118.Similar documentation and verification processes apply to quarantinedpills 102 removed by separator 220.

In some embodiments, processor 114 stores predetermined pill parameters104 and/or thresholds for NDC corresponding to the identification ofparticular pill 102. For example, an operator inputs pill parameters 104for and NDC pill group, and processor 114 learns (through an algorithm,artificial intelligence, post-processing, machine learning, or deeplearning/programming) pill parameters 104. In some embodiments, theoperator inputs pill parameters 104, and processor 114 stores them forfuture use and/or accesses them in RAM. Processor 114 accesseselectronic memory 124 to determine the stored pill parameters 104corresponding to a particular NDC identified pill 102. Processor 114accesses memory 124 to determine the specific thresholds for differentpill parameters 104 of each NDC pill 102 identifier. Different pills 102have different thresholds for each pill parameter 104 or feature.Processor 114 associates the NDC code with pill parameters 104 andthresholds of a particular group or batch of pills 102 (e.g., in a drugprofile). Processor 114 then retrieves pill parameters 104 and/orthreshold values from electronic memory 124 associated with the pill 102when the operator provides the NDC identifier. Although processor 114 isshown in FIG. 1 as a part of camera 116, processor 114 can be locatedanywhere within system 100. For example, system 100 includes one or moreprocessors 114 in display 122, dispenser 110, a separate device, thecloud, and/or in other locations.

Processor 114 described herein can be coordinated by operating systemsoftware, such as iOS, Android, Chrome OS, Windows 7, Windows 8, WindowsServer, Windows CE, Unix, Linux, SunOS, Solaris, iOS, Blackberry OS,VxWorks, or other compatible operating systems. In other embodiments, aproprietary operating system may control the computing device.Conventional operating systems control and schedule computer processesfor execution, perform memory management, provide file system,networking, I/O services, and provide a user interface functionality,such as a graphical user interface (“GUI”), among other things.

Processors 114 described herein may implement the techniques describedherein using customized hard-wired logic, one or more ApplicationSpecific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) or Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGA), firmware and/or program logic which causes processors 114 to bea special-purpose machine. According to one embodiment, parts of thetechniques disclosed herein are performed by processors 114 of FIG. 1 inresponse to executing one or more sequences of instructions contained inmemory 124. Such instructions may be read into memory 124 from anotherstorage medium, such as storage device. Execution of the sequences ofinstructions contained in memory 124 causes processor 114 to perform theprocess steps described herein. In alternative embodiments, hard-wiredcircuitry may be used in place of or in combination with softwareinstructions.

Moreover, the various illustrative logical blocks and modules describedin connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implementedor performed by a machine. Examples include a processor 114, a DigitalSignal Processor 114 (DSP), an ASIC, an FPGA or another programmablelogic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardwarecomponents, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functionsdescribed herein. A processor/controller device or processor 114 can bea controller, microprocessor, microprocessor, or state machine orcombinations of the same. Processor 114 includes electrical circuitryconfigured to process computer-executable instructions. In anotherembodiment, processor 114 includes an FPGA or another programmabledevice that performs logic operations without processingcomputer-executable instructions. Processor 114 can also be implementedas a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP anda processor 114, a plurality of processors 114, one or more processors114 in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.Although described herein primarily concerning digital technology, aprocessor 114 may also include primarily analog components. For example,some or all of the rendering techniques described herein may beimplemented in analog circuitry or mixed analog and digital circuitry.

Processor 114 can store the processed images 118 in memory 124 and/ortransmit the images 118 to a display 122. Display 122 indicates a visualrepresentation of the recorded signal (e.g., image 118) indicative ofpill parameters 104 for each pill 102 dispensed. Display 122 alsoindicates a quantity of pills 102 dispensed into receptacle 112.Processor 114 can transmit images 118 to display 122 in real time or ondemand. Display 122 includes any device configured to receive images 118and/or display or store images 118. In some embodiments, display 122 islocated at or near system 100. In some embodiments, display 122 isremote from pills 102, hopper 108, channel 106, camera 116, separator220, receptacle 112, and/or system 100. A remote display 122configuration enables visual verification of pill parameters 104 and thenumber of dispensed pills 102 from a remote location (e.g., at anothertime and/or place). This access enables a pharmacist to verify pills 102dispensed in a receptacle 112 remotely. In addition, display 122includes an electronic memory 124 device (e.g., memory 124) that storesimages 118 for future analysis and verification. As such, display 122effectively documents images 118 for audits and verification reporting.

For example, processor 114 sorts and stores photograph images 118 thatinclude pill parameters 104 and characteristics for each dispensed pill102. Processor 114 sorts, stores, retrieves, and/or returns thephotograph to visual display 122 where an operator visually verifiespill parameters 104 based on the visual indicia or photographic signalof each pill 102 during review of the imaged 118 pill parameters 104shown on display 122.

Display 122 includes any device that receives a processed signal fromcamera 116 and includes a wide variety of electronic hardware. Forexample, display 122 includes, but is not limited to, a mobile phone(e.g., a smartphone), healthcare monitoring devices, electronicssystems, webcams, a television, a computer monitor, a computer, ahand-held computer, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a digital video recorder (DVR), amulti-functional peripheral device, etc. Display 122 apparatuses caninclude unfinished products, lenses, and memory 124.

In system 100, memory 124 includes any non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium. Although memory 124 is shown in FIG. 1 as a part ofcamera 116, memory 124 can be located anywhere within system 100. Forexample, system 100 can locate memory 124 in display 122, dispenser 110,a separate device, the cloud, and/or in other locations. Processor 114may access memory 124 to correlate the NDC code with a particular pill102. For example, the thresholds and pill parameters 104 correspondingto an NDC code can be stored in memory 124. These program instructionscan reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROMmemory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any otherform of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Suchspecial-purpose computing devices may also combine custom hard-wiredlogic, ASICs, or FPGAs with custom programming to accomplish thetechniques. The special-purpose computing devices may include desktopcomputer systems, server computer systems, portable computer systems,handheld devices, networking devices or any other device or combinationof devices that incorporate hard-wired and/or program logic to implementthe techniques.

In some embodiments, receptacle 112 receives all distributed pills 102from dispenser, and system 100 identifies potential pills 102 and/orreceptacles 112 with pill parameters 104 outside a threshold. In otherembodiments, receptacle 212 collects pills 102 after processor 214determines that all pill parameters 104 are within the assignedthreshold limits. If one parameter is outside the threshold, pill 102may be separated (e.g., by separator 220) and removed from system 200and not permitted into receptacle 212.

In one example, a 10,000 batch of pills 102 are loaded into hopper 108and identified with an NDC number and a unique order number. The ordernumber includes a load number and/or a group number identifying hopper108 and/or receptacle 112 for pill 102. The NDC number is used toidentify pill parameters 104 for evaluation. The unique order number,identifying this particular batch of 10,000 pills 102, may correspond to333 thirty day supplies of pills 102 (e.g., 30 pills in 333receptacles).

In various embodiments, receptacle 112 receives a 30 day, 60 day, 90day, 365 day, etc. supply of pills. For example, a first receptacle 112is removed from dispenser 110 after 30 or more pills (e.g., 1 monthsupply) are dispensed into the first receptacle 112. A second receptacle112 is then coupled to the pill 102 dispenser 110 to collect additionaldispensed pills 102 (e.g., a second 1 month supply of 30 pills). Invarious embodiments, other quantities are contemplated such as suppliesfor at least a 30 day, 60 day, 90 day, or 120 day supply. For example,the quantity of pills 102 dispensed into receptacle 112 corresponds tothe quantity of pills 102 in a single prescription, such that pills 102dispensed in receptacle 112 are sold directly to a patient with theprescription.

In this way, the first and second receptacles 112 collect pills 102 withindicia signals indicative of pill parameters 104 that are within thethreshold or tolerance for pill 102. Receptacle 112 can then be solddirectly to the patient or combined with other pills 102 and sold as acomplete pharmaceutical package. In some embodiments, receptacles 112are sold to pharmacies with their associated verification data andimages 118, as described herein.

For example, in some embodiments, system 100 assigns each receptacle aunique batch number. The batch number assigned may include the NDCnumber, hopper 108 load number, and/or receptacle 112 group number. Withthis information, system 100 can locate the pertinent images 118 foreach dispensed pill 102 in receptacle 112. For example, each image 118in receptacle 112 is assigned a record of pill parameters 104characteristic of the pill 102 data within receptacle 112 based on theunique batch number. The batch number may use a combination of the loadnumber, the group number, and/or the NDC number to uniquely identifypills 102 contained in receptacle 112. Processor 114 assigns a uniquebatch number (e.g., comprising the NDC number and appended by a loadnumber and group number) to receptacle 112 and associate the images 118from camera 116 to the batch number. System 100 appends the batch numberto the NDC identifier. Unique batch codes created sequentially orrandomly uniquely identifies pills 102 and associated images 118captured by camera 116. System 100 stores and retrieves images 118 ofeach dispensed pill 102 in receptacle 112 associated with thatidentifying assigned batch code.

FIG. 3 illustrates a generic pill 300 with various pill parameters 104.System 100 identifies (FIG. 1) and/or system 200 separates (FIG. 2) abatch of pills 300 according to pill parameters 104 such as markings 302and 304, dose 306, profile shape 308, color 310, and size 312. As usedin this application, color 310 refers to any detectable reflectedelectromagnetic wave, including wavelengths outside the visiblespectrum, e.g., near infra-red (NIR), CMOS, CCD, etc. As illustrated inFIG. 3 these pill parameters 104 are used to verify pills 300 dispensedinto receptacle 112. Pills 300 may be the same as, or similar to, pill102 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. Pill parameters 104 of pill 300include identifying marks 302 and 304. For example, generic pill 300includes a first mark 302 to identify a first pill 300 and a second mark304 to identify a second pill 300. Two marks 302 and 304 on pill 300differentiate pill 300 from a pill 102 with one mark (e.g., mark 302only, not shown). Pill 300 includes a numeric inscription indicating thedose 306 (e.g., 100 mg). Pill 300 includes a pill parameter 104 for aprofile shape 308.

In some embodiments, system 100 enhances the photo-rendering of theprofile shape 308 of generic pill 300 with selected LED lights, colorsor reflected electromagnetic waves. Photo-rendering enhances numericindicators of dose 306 and/or other identifying marks 302 and 304. Forexample, system 100 includes LED lights, an LED camera, and/or visual,infra-red, or ultraviolet filters to enhance signals of pill parameters104. Generic pill 300 has an associated color 310. The associated color310 occurs natively under natural light, or system 100 renders theassociated color or pill parameter 104 under LED or artificial lightspecifically selected for generic pill 300. One pill parameter 104 ofpill 300 includes a size 312. For example, generic pill 300 differs froma second pill 102 based on pill parameters 104 indicated a size 312 ofthe respective pills 102 and 300. Photo-rendering system 100 enhancesthe illustration, record, identification, separation, and/orverification of the size 312 of pill 300 as it traverses, travels, ormoves through system 100.

FIG. 4 illustrates a broken generic pill 400. Broken generic pill 400may be the same as or similar to generic pill 300, except pill 400 isbroken. For example, broken pill 400 has a first identifying mark 402and a second identifying mark 404 indicating that broken pill 400 hasthe same NDC identifier as pill 300, as shown in FIG. 3. Depending onthe location of the break, broken pill 400 may be missing a first 402mark and/or a second mark 404. In this situation, the identity of pill400 cannot be accurately determined based on a single pill parameter104. Thus, system 100 analyzes each pill parameter 104 of pill 400 andanalyzes pill 400 for breaks.

Similarly, depending on the location of the break, broken pill 400 mayhave an inscription indicating the same dose 406 (e.g., for a smallbreak) or a partial dose 406 (e.g., for a large break, as illustrated).Because pill 400 is broken, pill 400 has a different profile shape 408.The different profile shape 408 can identify pill 400 in a receptacle112 (FIG. 1) or for automatic removal by separator 220 to isolate pill400 from receptacle 212 (FIG. 2). The broken generic pill 400 in FIG. 4renders the same color 410 under LED and/or natural light as genericpill 300, but may show a different color 410 along broken area 414. Insome embodiments, photo rendering enhances the color 410 of broken area414 and/or the broken profile shape 408. For example, photo renderingenhances a small or undetectable broken area 414 of pill 400 for camera116, processor 114, and/or display 122 enhancing the identification ofpill 400 for later validation, separation, identification, and/orremoval.

FIG. 5 illustrates a different pill 500 with a unique NDC number. System100 may identify and/or separate pill 500 from pill 300 based on one ormore pill parameters 104 (e.g., see FIGS. 1 and 2). For example, pill500 contains a single marker 502 and has a different dose 506 than pill300. The profile shape 508 of pill 500 also contrasts with pill 300. Insome embodiments, pill 500 has a different color 510 than pill 300.Although pill 500 is not broken, many pill parameters 104 contrast withpill 300. System 100 assesses the pill parameters 104 and determineswhether to separate pill 500 based on these pill parameters 104. Forexample, if pill 500 were mixed in with pill 300 in hopper 108, camera116 would identify the pill parameters 104 of pill 500 and/or separatepill 500 with separator 220 from the batch of pills 300 before itreaches receptacle 212. In some embodiments, system 100 does not includea separator 220. Instead, system 100 identifies receptacles 112 forverification when an out of threshold pill 500 is observed in dispenser110 and/or deposited into receptacle 112.

Photo rendering and advanced processing enhance the detection processesof pill parameters 104. Moreover, if system 100 screens for pill 500,each pill parameter 104 would have a different threshold than pillparameters 104 corresponding to pill 300. Pill 500 includes differentpill parameters 104 than pill 300. Since pill 300 and pill 500 each havea unique NDC number, system 100 identifies and assigns them each a drugprofile with different pill parameters 104 and threshold limits.

FIG. 6 illustrates a visual inspection system 600 including a detailedview of display 122 within a pill dispensing system 100. Reference toFIGS. 1 and 5 demonstrates the visual inspection system 600 as a subsetof the pill dispenser system 100, described in FIG. 1. An operator 602,e.g., a pharmacist, of the visual inspection system 600 can observedisplay 122 in real time or at a later time, after pills 102 aredispensed in receptacle 112. System 100 can locate system 600 within,near, or proximate to other features of system 100, as illustrated inFIG. 1. Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 6, visual inspectionsystem 600 may relocate display 122 to a remote location that is removedfrom the other components of system 100. The operator 602 may inspect acollective image 604 of the group of pills 102 traversing along adispense path or track of dispenser 110. The collective image 604 can bea video or photograph of a series of pills 102 oriented along thedispense path of dispenser 110. A reference image 606 shows video,frames, photographs or other images 118 of pill 102 dispensed andidentified in the collective image 604.

In some embodiments, the reference image 606 includes a cover photo ofpill 102. When selected by the operator 602, the cover photo may open aseries of images 118 associated with pill 102. Images 118 can includevideo of pill 102 at different locations along the dispense path ofdispenser 110 or a series of photographs either as separated/individualframes of a video image or from a succession of photographs taken bycamera 116. In some embodiments, operator 602 opens a plurality of pill102 images 118 associated with different pills 102. In this way,operator 602 compares pill parameters 104 of one pill 102 alongdispenser 110 with a reference image 606. Display 122 is configured toalso show receptacle 112 and include a numerical count for each pill 102deposited into receptacle 112. Thus, system 600 enables visualverification that the correct pills 102 were dispensed into receptacle112 at the correct quantity.

In some embodiments, display 122 includes other GUI rich features suchas operator 602 notations associated with pill 102 images 118. In someembodiments, operator 602 viewing pills 102 in real time interacts withdisplay 122 to interface with processor 114. For example, operator 602inspects a suspect pill 102 on the dispense path of dispenser 210 anduses processor 214 to isolate pill 102 into separator 220. In someembodiments, operator 602 temporarily isolates pill 102 for laterdetailed inspection and either returns pill 102 to dispenser 210,receptacle 212, and/or separator 220 depending on the outcome of thelater detailed inspection.

Display 122 also operates on stored data pertaining to a batch ofpreviously dispensed pills 102. For example, display 122 communicateswith processor 114 to access memory 124 and load a batch of pills 102identified by the NDC number, the load number, and the group number,etc. Operator 602 then observes the historical data of the dispensedpills 102 in receptacle 112. System 100 and/or 600 enable auditdocumentation to provide verification that unique receptacle 112received the correct quantity and quality (within tolerance) of pills102.

FIG. 7 shows a method 700 of verifying pills dispensed or collected intoreceptacle 112. Method 700 includes a first step 702 of dispensing pills102 into a vibratory channel 106 that orients pills 102 in apredetermined distance relative to adjacent pills 102 in channel 106.Step 704 includes recording a signal indicative of pill parameters 104of the pills 102 dispensed into channel 106. Step 704, identifies and/oroptionally removes pills 102 with pill parameters 104 outside athreshold value, based on the predetermined set of pill parameters 104.Step 706 processes the signals representative of the pills 102 dispensedinto receptacle 112. Step 706 associates recorded signals for each pilldispensed into receptacle 112. Step 708 involves quarantining pills 102outside the threshold value. Pills 102 within the threshold values arestored in step 710 and an image 118 corresponding to each pill 102 isstored in step 704. Step 712 validates the signal indicative of both thequantity of dispensed pills 102 and the image 118 representative of thepill parameters 104. Step 712 may also determine the accuracy of thepredetermined threshold values to remove pills 102 outside the thresholdvalues for that batch of pills 102 (e.g., identified by the NDC code).In step 714, images 118 are processed and stored for future retrievaland verification. Step 714 may include storing images 118 for bothquarantined pills in step 708 and/or dispensed pills in step 710.

In some embodiments, pill parameters 104 used in step 606 include asize, shape, color, reflected electromagnetic wavelength, marks, and/ornumerical dose associated with the drug profile related to a unique NDCcode for the target pills 102. The drug profile includes predeterminedpill parameters 104 and threshold values for the dispensed pills 102. Insome embodiments, image 118 is a photographic image 118 of eachdispensed pill 102 that identifies and compares each pill parameter 104to a threshold value for the drug profile of dispensed pill 102.

In the disclosure provided above, apparatus, systems, and methods forfeedback and control of a pill dispensing system are described inconnection with particular exemplary embodiments. It is understood,however, that the principles and advantages of the embodiments can beused for any other systems, apparatus, or methods with a need forfeedback and control responsive to an indication of visual pillparameters 104. Although certain embodiments are described withreference to an example camera sensor, it will be understood that theprinciples and advantages described herein can be applied to other typesof sensors. While some of the disclosed embodiments may be describedwith reference to analog, digital, or mixed circuitry, in differentembodiments, the principles and advantages discussed herein can beimplemented for different parts as analog, digital, or mixed circuitry.Moreover, while some schematics are provided for illustrative purposes,other equivalent schematics can alternatively be implemented to achievethe functionality described herein.

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout thedescription and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,”“include,” “including,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusivesense, as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say,in the sense of “including, but not limited to.” Where the contextpermits, words in the Detailed Description using the singular or pluralnumber can also include the plural or singular number, respectively. Thewords “or” in reference to a list of two or more items, is intended tocover all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the itemsin the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of theitems in the list. All numerical values provided herein are intended toinclude similar values within a range of measurement error.

Conditional language, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or“may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understoodwithin the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certainembodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certainfeatures, elements and/or steps. The ranges disclosed herein alsoencompass any and all overlap, sub-ranges, and combinations thereof.Language such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,”“between,” and the like includes the number recited. Numbers preceded bya term such as “about” or “approximately” include the recited numbersand should be interpreted based on the circumstances (e.g., as accurateas reasonably possible under the circumstances, for example, ±6%, ±10%,±16%, etc.). Unless stated otherwise, all measurements are at standardconditions including ambient temperature and pressure.

It should be understood that the figures illustrate the exemplaryembodiments in detail, and it should be understood that the presentapplication is not limited to the details or methodology set forth inthe description or illustrated in the figures. It should also beunderstood that the terminology is for the purpose of description onlyand should not be regarded as limiting.

Further modifications and alternative embodiments of various aspects ofthe disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view ofthis description. Accordingly, this description is to be construed asillustrative only. The construction and arrangements, shown in thevarious exemplary embodiments, are illustrative only. Although only afew embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, manymodifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions,structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values ofparameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, reflectedelectromagnetic wavelengths, orientations, etc.) without materiallydeparting from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matterdescribed herein. Some elements shown as integrally formed may beconstructed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements maybe reversed or otherwise varied, and the nature or number of discreteelements or positions may be altered or varied. The order or sequence ofany process, logical algorithm, or method steps may be varied orre-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. Other substitutions,modifications, changes, and omissions may also be made in the design,operating conditions and arrangement of the various exemplaryembodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

While the current application recites particular combinations of,various embodiments of the disclosure relate to any combination of anyof the features described herein whether or not such combination iscurrently claimed, and any such combination of features may be claimedin this or future applications. Any of the features, elements, orcomponents of any of the exemplary embodiments discussed above may beused alone or in combination with any of the features, elements, orcomponents of any of the other embodiments discussed above.

What is claimed is:
 1. A visual analysis validation system, comprising:a dispense path comprising dispensed medical products, each medicalproduct having a visible parameter characteristic of the medicalproduct, the dispense path configured to move the medical products; acamera supported relative to the dispense path, the camera recordingsignals representative of the parameter of the dispensed medicalproduct; a processor coupled to the camera that receives the recordedsignals from the camera and stores the recorded signals indicative ofthe medical product parameter, the processor storing the recordedsignals associated with the parameter for each dispensed medicalproduct; a receptacle that receives the medical products with associatedrecorded signals indicative of the parameter for the medical product;and a display that indicates a visual representation of the recordedsignals indicative of the medical product parameter for each dispensedmedical product and a quantity of the number of medical productsdispensed into the receptacle.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein thedisplay is located at a location that is remote from the dispense path,the camera, and the receptacle.
 3. The system of claim 1, furthercomprising a batch number for each receptacle associated with thedispensed medical product, wherein the batch number uniquely identifiesthe recorded signals generated by the camera for the medical productsdispensed into the receptacle and assigned to the unique batch number.4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a drug profile for eachmedical product that includes an acceptable tolerance for the parametersof the medical product, wherein the tolerance is predetermined based onthe drug profile prior to dispensing the medical products.
 5. The systemof claim 1, wherein the display shows a quantity and an imagerepresentation of the recorded signals indicative of parameters for eachmedical product distributed to the receptacle, wherein the displayenables remote visual validation and documentation of the parameters ofthe dispensed medical products into the receptacle at another time andanother place.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor comparesa recorded signal of a medical product parameter to a tolerance for themedical product parameter and generates a diversion signal forparameters that exceed the tolerance for at least 2.5 medical productsper second.
 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising electronicmemory, wherein recorded signals of the parameters for each removedmedical product are stored and retrieved to identify dispensed medicalproducts.
 8. A pill dispenser, comprising: a dispenser coupled to ahopper, the dispenser including a dispense path to move pills; a camerasupported relative to the dispense path to provide a vision path fromthe pills to the camera, the camera generating indicia signalsrepresentative of pill parameters of the dispensed pills; a receptaclethat collect pills with associated indicia signals of the pillparameters; and a processor coupled to the camera that receives theindicia signals for each pill parameter from the camera and compares theindicia signals to predetermined threshold data for the dispensed pill,the processor stores pill parameter threshold data in association withthe receptacle of the dispensed pill, the processor generates diversionsignals for at least one of the pill or the receptacle when the indiciasignals of the dispensed pill in the receptacle represent pillparameters outside the threshold.
 9. The pill dispenser of claim 8,further comprising a batch number assigned to each receptacle, whereineach receptacle is assigned a record of the pill parameters for thepills dispensed within the receptacle.
 10. The pill dispenser of claim8, wherein the processor verifies a dose and indicia signals of for pillparameter threshold data of at least 2.5 pills per second.
 11. The pilldispenser of claim 8, further comprising a separator coupled to thedispense path, the separator diverts pills from the dispense path inresponse to the diversion signal, and wherein the processor is coupledto the separator and configured to send diversion signals to theseparator and divert medical products from the dispense path when theindicia signals from the camera represent pill parameter threshold dataof the pill that is outside the threshold.
 12. The pill dispenser ofclaim 8, further comprising a drug profile for the dispensed pillcomprising predetermined pill parameters including at least one of asize, a profile, a color, a shape, and one or more marks on a dispensedpill, wherein the pill parameters are stored within the drug profile andidentified by a unique National Drug Code (NDC) for the dispensed pill.13. The pill dispenser of claim 8, wherein a quantity of pills dispensedinto one or more receptacles corresponds to the quantity of pills in asingle prescription, such that the pills dispensed in the one or morereceptacles are sold directly to a patient with the prescription. 14.The pill dispenser of claim 8, wherein the indicia signals of the pillparameters are stored in an image of the pill that includes pillparameters of each dispensed pill relative to the associated pillparameter threshold, the image being generated by the camera, processedby the processor, and stored in electronic memory, wherein the image ofeach dispensed pill and the associated pill parameters are retrievedfrom electronic memory by the processor for future review andverification.
 15. The pill dispenser of claim 8, wherein the camerarecords the pill parameters in visual indicia signals on a photographicimage of the pill moving through the dispenser, wherein the processorsorts and stores the image that includes the visual indica of the pillparameters for the dispensed pill, wherein the processor retrieves andreturns the photograph to a visual display where an operator visuallyverifies the pill parameters based on the visual indicia signal of thepill through review of the photographic image of the pill parameters onthe display.
 16. The pill dispenser of claim 8, further comprising aphoto-rendering system comprising LED lights, a LED camera, and one ormore visual, infra-red, or ultraviolet filters to enhance the indiciasignals of the pill parameters.
 17. The pill dispenser of claim 8,further comprising a first receptacle and a second receptacle, whereinthe first receptacle is assigned a first batch number and a secondreceptacle is assigned a second batch number, and wherein the secondbatch number is different from the first batch number.
 18. A pilldispenser, comprising: a hopper configured to store pills, each pillincluding visible indicia of at least one characteristic of the pill; adispenser coupled to the hopper and including a dispense path thoughwhich pills move from the hopper; a pill separator coupled to thedispense path that diverts pills from the dispense path in response to adiversion signal; a camera supported relative to the dispense path toprovide a vision path from pills to the camera, the camera generatingindicia signals representative of the visible indicia; a processorcoupled to the pill separator and the camera that receives indiciasignals from the camera, generates and stores pill characteristic datain association with a time of the associated indicia signals, andapplies diversion signals to the pill separator such that the pillseparator diverts pills from the dispense path in response to thediversion signals, the processor generating diversion signals when theindicia signals represent a characteristic outside a tolerance of thepill and requiring diversion of the pill from the dispense path; and areceptacle that collects each pill with recorded pill parameters thatare within the tolerance.
 19. The pill dispenser of claim 18, whereinthe visual indica of the pill includes at least one of a size, a shape,a color, one or more marks, and a numerical dose, wherein the processorcompares the indicia signals of the pill parameters to a tolerance andthe separator diverts pills in response to the diversion signal for thepill parameter for at least 2.5 pills per second, and wherein the pillparameters and the tolerance are predetermined based on a National DrugCode (NDC) for the dispensed pills, and wherein the pill parameters andassociated tolerances are stored in a drug profile identified by theNational Drug Code (NDC) of the pill.
 20. The pill dispenser of claim18, further comprising electronic memory, wherein indicia signals and ofthe pill parameters and diversion signals for each removed pill arestored in electronic memory and retrieved by the processor to displaythe dispensed pills and the diverted pills for future review andverification, wherein at least one of the indicia signals and diversionsignals of the pill parameters are stored in an image of the pill thatincludes pill parameters of each dispensed pill relative to theassociated tolerance for the pill parameter, the image being generatedby the camera, processed by the processor, and stored in electronicmemory.